This risk calculator is available online (www.eortc.be. Valuable tools for clinical decision. With stage Ta T1 bladder cancer using EORTC.

• Painless, microscopic or (80%) • Gross blood throughout urination (due to Bladder Cancer in 20% of cases) • is associated with Bladder Cancer in 2% of cases • Irritative voiding symptoms (20%, typically associated with Bladder Cancer in-situ) • Urinary Frequency • Urinary Urgency • • • Obstructive symptoms (typically associated with l or neck tumors) • Decreased stream • Incomplete voiding sense • Straining to evacuate • Metastatic disease symptoms • Anorexia or • Respiratory symptoms •, or flank pain • with edema • Bone pain. • Urine Cytology • Indications • High risk for urothelial tumors • Known urothelial carcinoma • Avoid in isolated asymptomatic (higher ) • Smear of exfoliated urinary cells •: 95-100% • However, false positives with and s • for Bladder Cancer • Overall: 80-90% • Immunocytology: 70-90% • Nuclear matrix protein (bladder ) • Associated with flow cytometry: 93% • oscopy (gold standard) • Indications • • AND one of the following criteria • Age >35 years old OR • Bladder Cancer risk factors (e. Atv Banja Luka Uzivo, Alternativna Tv. g. Abuse, chemical exposures, irritative symptoms) • Fluorescence oscopy • Uses (e.g. Hexaminolevulinic acid instilled intravesically) can help identify flat lesions (e.g. CIS) • Wash Cytology • Near perfect in identifying CIS even with normal appearing mucosa • Transurethral resection of the tumor (TURBT) • or MRI imaging should be completed prior to TURBT (false positives from procedure) • Indicated for abnormal wash cytology or tissue pathology • Visible tumor removed and surrounding tissue sampled for diagnosis, staging, grading.

• Low Grade Ta • oscopy at 3 months after treatment • Then, further evaluations at increasing intervals • High grade Ta or T1 • oscopy and urine cytology every 3-6 months for 2 years • Then, further evaluations at increasing intervals • Consider upper urinary tract imaging (e. Pan Flute Vst. g. ) every 1-2 years • Consider urinary testing (urothelial cancers only) • Consider maintenance with BCG (esp.

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